Opportunistic fungal infections were detected in four immunocompromised patients (two with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and two kidney transplant recipients). Sputum and nasal secretions were taken from AML patients; push, skin and nail scarpings from transplant recipients. All specimens were examined direct and cultures were made without delay. Specimens were taken three times; two times, two times and once from patients number One, two, three, and four respectively. Fungal hyphae and/or spores were detected microscopically in all specimens. The specimens were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose Agar (SDA), potato dextrose agar (PDA), bird seed agar, brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) and incubated at 26ºC and 37ºC along foursix weeks.Opportunistic fungi were obtained from all patients. The first culture from patient number one was negative, the second (Aspergillus fumigatus + Candida albicans) and third cultures (only Candida albicans) were positive.

All cultures from the second patient were positive 1. Aspergillus fumigatus, 2. Aspergillus fumigatus + Candida albicans + Candida spp Scedosporium species were detected in both cultures from the third patient. The skin and nail scarping cultures from the fourth patient were both positive for Alternaria spp Patients number one and three were completely recovered after treatment, whereas the two others died.

According to this data we concluded that early laboratory dependent (clinical) definition treatment and communication between mycolog, patholog and clinician is very important for the patients live.