2010, Cilt 40, Sayı 1, Sayfa(lar) 041-047 |
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The Evaluation of the Routine Screening Tests in Blood Donors for Eleven Years |
Rüçhan Ulutürk |
Sağlık Bakanlığı İstanbul Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Kliniği ve Kan Merkezi |
Keywords: Blood donors, donor screening tests |
Objective: The safety of blood and blood products is of crucial importance in transfusion medicine. To achive
this goal, donor bloods are screened for the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis. In this study, results of the donor screening tests through the years
1998 and 2008 were evaluated retrospectively to assess the variations in seropositivity rates over years.
Materials and Methods: Test results were evaluated for donors who were age 18- 60 years old and who were
questioned for transmissible infections and had physical examination. HBsAg, anti-HCV antibody and anti-HIV
1-2 antibody tests were performed by using microelisa (Labotech immunosystems) between 1998 and 2000, and
by using chemiluminescence assays between 2001 and 2008. Syphilis was screened by Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
test and the positive results were confirmed by using Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test. HIV 1-2
test positive patients' sera were sent to the infectious diseases division of the local health authority for western-blot
confirmation test.
Results: Evaluation of the test results of 75747 donors revaled that 2143 (2.83%) donors were HBsAg positive
303 (0.40 %) were anti-HCV positive, and 119 (0.16%) were RPR positive. Western-blot confirmation test for
HIV was positive in one (0.0001%) patient. The low seropositivity rate of syphilis in 2008 was noteworthy. Seropositivity
rates of HBsAg decreased significantly through years; being 4.69 % in 1998 and 1.84 % in 2008. High
rate (1.71 %) of anti-HCV seropositivity between 1998-2000 began to decrease by 2001 and was only 0.14% in
2008.
Conclusion: Seropositivity rates of HBsAg and anti-HCV in blood donors decreased significantly through years.
HIV seroprevalance was low in the past 11 years. Seroprevalance of syphilis fluctuated in this time period. Although
these results indicated that rates of HIV, hepatitis B and C virus infections and syphilis were low in blood
donors, they do not rule out the possibility of transmission of these agents through blood transfusions.
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