2013, Cilt 43, Sayı 3, Sayfa(lar) 097-103 |
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Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of Some Lichen Samples |
Fadime KIRAN, Atila YILDIZ, Özlem OSMANAĞAOĞLU |
Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü |
Keywords: Lichen, disc diffusion, antimicrobial activity |
Objective: It is a known fact that the long term use of synthetic drugs has side effects and may lead to the development of drug resistance. This situation constitutes a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. These adverse effects have led to the use of medicinal plants as an alternative to synthetic drugs for the treatment of different diseases. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of various lichen samples were investigated and potential usages as new antimicrobial agents were determined.
Materials and Methods: The microorganisms used for the investigation of the antimicrobial activity spectrum, were chosen from clinical and food origin gram- positive and gram- negative bacteria which cause intoxication and infections. Additionally, Aspergillus niger RSKK 483 was used as a representative of the fungi and Candida albicans ATCC 26555 of the yeasts. The antimicrobial activity of acetone and chloroform extracts of lichen samples ie. Evernia divaricata, Evernia prunastri, Lobaria pulmonaria and Pseudevernia furfuracea, collected from different areas of Çankırı (Turkey), was determined using disc diffusion assays.
Results: Lichen extracts showed a relatively strong antibacterial activity against gram- positive bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activity was detected for Evernia divaricata, especially against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts of Lobaria pulmanaria exhibited activity only against Bacillus cereus ATCC 9139, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 and Bacillus sphaericus RSKK 382. Furthermore, maximum antibacterial activity was determined by the use of acetone extracts in place of chloroform.
Conclusion: Lichen samples used in this study exhibited antibacterial activity. However, identification and purification of the metabolite which is responsible for this antimicrobial activity, are required to include lichen extracts as the treatment alternatives in the pharmaceutical area.
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