Leishmaniasis is a group of zoonotic/anthroponotic infections seen in tropical and subtropical regions and transmitted with sand flies (Phlebotomus sp.). In addition to self-treated cutaneous lesions, Leishmaniasis may also manifest as systemic infections that hold visceral organs and often cause epidemics. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 12 million people from 98 countries worldwide are infected with Leishmaniasis, while 350 million people are at risk. Two million new cases 1.5 million for cutaneous zoonotik/ antroponotik Leishmaniasis [CL] and 0.5 million for visceral Leishmaniasis [VL]) are considered to occur annually.

In Turkey, L. infantum is the causative agent of VL while L. tropica, L. infantum, L. major and L. donovani are the causative agents of CL. In recent years, it is anticipated an overall increase in the number of Leishmaniasis cases after the immigration of more than 2,5 million Syrians to Turkey due to the political conflict and war in Syria, where almost 250,000 people are diagnosed as CL, annually, with some being resistant to treatments. A total of 4000 CL autochthonous cases have been reported in Turkey between 2013 and 2014. There are significant elevations in the rates of both reported cases and infection foci lately, in especially Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkey.

Due to KL is seen in many regions of our country, we shared 3 cases in Manisa for point of this infection which has laboratory diagnosis problem.