Vaccines have been one of the most effective methods to prevent diseases since they were discovered. Vaccines are used to protect public health and create immunity against many deadly diseases, especially for newborns. Türkiye has a very important place in the discovery and application of vaccines in the history of the world. Review of the World history of vaccines indicates Türkiye as a pioneer state in terms of both production and application of vaccines since the period of Ottoman Empire. In the history of Türkiye, the production of vaccines against many different diseases, accompanied by scientific discoveries, started in the Ottoman period and continued in the period after the establishment of the Republic of Türkiye. Thus, many vaccines, including the smallpox vaccine - the first vaccine in history - have been produced in our country until recently and have been offered to both national and international markets. In this review, the developmental stages of modern vaccines in Türkiye, vaccine applications carried out in the history of the country and the production of vaccines against various diseases are explained in chronological order in parallel with the world vaccine history.