Objective: Helminthiasis is one of the major groups of parasitic diseases, commonly observed in developing countries, with the majority being zoonotic in nature. These infections are considered among the primary risk factors for slowed physical growth and impaired cognitive development during childhood. Findings in the literature indicate that helminth infections have significant impacts not only on individual health but also on the educational performance of infected children and, indirectly, on the future of societies. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-helminthic effects of ethanol extracts obtained from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. (Solanaceae) on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Methods: C. elegans individuals were exposed to leaf, flower, and fruit extracts of H. reticulatus at four different concentrations (1.25–10 mg/mL). Anti-helminthic activity was assessed through survival analysis. Extract compositions were identified by GC–MS, and the potential active compounds were determined.

Results: The 10 mg/mL dose of the leaf extract resulted in complete mortality of nematodes by the 2nd day. At 5 mg/mL, total nematode death was observed by the 5th day. In the flower extract group, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/ mL doses caused complete nematode mortality by the 5th, 6th, and 7th days, respectively. In the fruit extract group, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/mL doses achieved total mortality by the 3rd, 4th, and 5th days, respectively. GC– MS analysis revealed that 9-octadecenamide (Oleamide/Oleic acid) was the most abundant compound: leaf (23.42%), flower (15.36%), and fruit (20.21%).

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that H. reticulatus possesses significant anti-helminthic properties and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent.