Atmospheric temperature has been in a warming trend which started 250-300 years ago. Studies on the effects of the current warming on the human health have been especially focused on the ''emerging'' or ''re-emerging'' diseases. The proposed ''worst case scenario'' approach and epidemiological hypotheses have been suggesting that the increasing global temperatures might be increasing the rate of spread of pathogenic microorganisms. The historical records on the arthropod-borne diseases such as yellow fever and dengue fever have shown that climatic and temperature changes may influence the epidemiological features, prevalence and spread of these infections. The global warming has been affecting especially the epidemiology of vector-borne infections. The action mechanisms of precipitation, climatic and microclimatic changes on the rates of distribution and infection of the ticks has been explained by our field studies performed in our country; the data that we obtained in our seroepidemiological and vector surveillance studies on Lyme borreliosis and anaplasmosis (HGE), especially the patterns of precipitation and habitat have shown that they affected the distribution of ticks in the Thrace and Black Sea regions. However, in the epidemiology of pathogens, anthropogenic factors and mistakes such as migration, international travel, economical problems and infrastructure deficiency, environmental pollution due to illiteracy, unauthorized animal trade and hunting, deforestation for construction, planning defects in irrigation systems, uncontrolled insecticide and antibiotic overuse and the effects of these factors on the global warming, habitat and ecological balance are more important than the natural factors. For this reason, in order to estimate the future prevalence of the diseases and in the epidemiological models, anthropogenic factors must be taken into consideration along with the climatic and natural factors.