Objective: Urinary system infections are the most common bacterial infections encountered in all age groups, in and outside the hospital. In order to select the appropriate antibiotic to be used in empirical treatment, it was aimed to determine the most common causative bacteria and antibiotic resistance rates in our region.

Method: Urine culture results were analyzed between November 2019 and November 2020 retrospectively. Antibiotic resistance rates and bacteria were grouped according to communityacquired and hospital-acquired infections. Identification of bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using conventional methods or the VITEK 2 Compact (bioMérieux-France) system and evaluated according to the recommendations of the European Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Committee (EUCAST).

Results: Enterobacterales species were detected in 1912 (69%) samples, and it was observed that there was a statistically significantly higher resistance to all antibiotics except nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin in hospital acquired infections (HCI) compared to community acquired infections (TCI). In gram-positive bacteria, ciprofloxacin resistance was found at a higher rate in HSCs than in TCIs, and resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid was not detected. It was determined that the resistance to piperacillin (47%), ciprofloxacin (43%) and levofloxacin (42%) was the highest in nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria, and the resistance to amikacin was the lowest (12%).

Conclusion: In our study, in addition to the increased resistance against antibiotics, which are used orally and frequently preferred in empirical treatment, resistance rates against piperacillintazobactam, carbapenem and aminoglycoside antibiotics, which are frequently preferred in hospitalized patients should be also considered.