Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacteria in humans in terms of both microbiota and pathogenicity. E. coli has different pathotypes with different pathological effects in the extra-intestinal and intestinal groups. The extra-intestinal E. coli group includes uropathogenic E. coli, sepsis-associated E. coli and neonatal meningitis-associated E. coli. Among them, the most common infectious agent is uropathogenic E. coli. Cause of infections with different pathological effects depends on the presence of various virulence factors in extraintestinal E. coli. These factors include mainly adhesins, invasins, siderophores, protectins/serum resistance and toxins. In this review, these virulence factors that play a role in the pathogenesis of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli infections were discussed.