Bacillus anthracis, a member of the Bacillus cereus group, cannot cause gastrointestinal infections and does not produce toxins that affect the gastrointestinal system. Unlike carnivores in the wild, Bacillus anthracis spores do not spread infection through the stomach in macaque models. However, a related pathogen called Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) can cause anthrax in Africa and has similar characteristics to Bacillus anthracis. Some patients in African outbreaks have shown oropharyngeal and intestinal symptoms, which led to the concept of gastrointestinal anthrax. However, the evidence for these cases and references regarding microbiological aspects are limited. This study aims to prompt further research and reconsideration of this terminology within the scientific community.